1/05/2009

Our Primary Source of Pain

Miranda consulted with me because of her unrelenting sadness. No matter how much she succeeded in her life and how much approval she received, the sadness was always there.Stuart consulted with me because of the loss of his marriage and his inability to stop drinking, which had resulted in his being...
Miranda consulted with me because of her unrelenting sadness. No matter how much she succeeded in her life and how much approval she received, the sadness was always there.
Stuart consulted with me because of the loss of his marriage and his inability to stop drinking, which had resulted in his being disbarred as an attorney.
David consulted with me because he could not seem to fill his inner emptiness. Marriage, children and a successful business did nothing to fill that emptiness. Connie consulted with me because her explosive anger was ruining her marriage and her relationships with her children.

All of these people have one thing in common: ongoing self-judgment.

None of them truly knows the preciousness of their Selves. None of them know their intrinsic value, their goodness, their worth. Each of them believes that there is something basically wrong with them.





Each of them spends much energy trying to get approval from others
.

Like Miranda, Stuart, David and Connie, we each have a wounded self who uses self-judgment as a form of control.
The wounded self in all of us believes that if we are hard on ourselves, we can get ourselves to perform in the ways that would result in approval from others. Yet the actual result of self-judgment is devastating to the Self. Self-judgment is self-abandonment. We abandon ourselves when we judge ourselves.

We are loving to ourselves when we are kind, accepting, and compassionate toward ourselves and open to learning with ourselves and our spiritual Guidance.

Imagine for a moment that you are treating a small 3-year old child the way you treat yourself, telling this child that he or she is not good enough, is inadequate, worthless, undeserving, unimportant, and so on. This child would naturally feel sad, hurt, frightened, anxious, and alone. The child might respond with anger, compliance or numbness. Regardless of the response, the child would feel abandoned and brokenhearted.

This is how your precious Inner Child feels each time you judge yourself. Often, instead of then performing the way you believe you %26quot;should,%26quot; you become immobilized, resistant, or needy. You may find yourself doing anything to get approval and avoid disapproval. Your Inner Child desperately needs to feel valued, and when you are not valuing him or her, you will find yourself trying to get someone else to give you value. Yet, no matter how much success or approval you get, it is never enough, because a true sense of value and self-worth comes from within.

Miranda will continue to have her sadness until she stops judging herself and opens to God/Guidance for the truth of who she is. Her sadness will not go away until she consistently treats herself as the precious child of God that she is. As long as she ignores her feelings and needs and judges her looks and performance, she will have deep sadness.
Stuart will continue to drink to drown out of the pain that he causes by his self-judgment. His Child desperately needs his kindness and acceptance, and his wounded self drinks to avoid the pain of the inner abandonment.
David will continue to feel empty until he opens to the love that is always here for him from Spirit. He keeps trying to get love from others, but God is love - the Source of love. Until David opens to Spirit and allows love into his heart, and sees and values his true Self, he will continue to feel empty.

Connie will continue to take her anger out on her family until she opens to learning about how angry her Inner Child is at her for the self-judgment/self-abandonment. She will continue to seek love from her family and be enraged when she doesn't get it as long as she is not being kind and accepting toward herself.

Self-judgment is a deep addiction in the wounded self. It will not go away on its own. Only by choosing to attend to your feelings with caring and compassion will you become aware of the lies and self-judgments that are causing your pain. I encourage you to practice mindfulness of your feelings all day so that you can become aware of the self-judgments that are the primary source of your pain.

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What depression does to a person?

Depression is one of the most common psychological problems today. Each year over 17 million American adults experience a period of clinical depression. Depression is a very specific and difficult psychiatric disorder because it can interfere with normal functioning, and frequently causes problems w...
Depression is one of the most common psychological problems today. Each year over 17 million American adults experience a period of clinical depression. Depression is a very specific and difficult psychiatric disorder because it can interfere with normal functioning, and frequently causes problems with work, social and family adjustment. Not only that %26ndash; it also causes pain and suffering not only to the person with the disorder, but also to those who care about them.



Signs and symptoms of depression




There are two characteristic hallmarks of depression:

%26bull; Loss of interest in normal daily activities
%26bull; Depressive mood

Not every person exhibiting these signs suffers from depression; generally, the signs must be present for at least two weeks.

Other characteristic symptoms of depression are:

%26bull; Sleep disturbances
%26bull; Impaired thinking or concentration
%26bull; Changes in weight
%26bull; Agitation
%26bull; Fatigue or slowing of body movements
%26bull; Low self-esteem
%26bull; Less interest in sex
%26bull; Appetite and weight loss or overeating and weight gain
%26bull; Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts
%26bull; Restlessness, irritability
%26bull; Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain



%26ldquo;Physical symptoms%26rdquo; of depression




Most patients also complain of some physical symptoms such as:

%26bull; gastrointestinal problems
%26bull; headache and backache
%26bull; anxiety



Possible causes of depression




There's no single known cause for depression.





Because the illness often runs in families, psychiatrists believe that a genetic vulnerability combined with environmental factors, such as stress or physical illness, may trigger an imbalance in brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, resulting in depression. That%26rsquo;s why we can't talk about possible cause of depression but rather about factors that contribute to depression. Some of the most common are:

Heredity: Researchers have identified genes that may be involved in depression moods.

Stress: Stressful life events can sometimes trigger depression, although there are no rules.

Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as drugs used to control high blood pressure or sleeping pills, may cause symptoms of depression.

Chronic illnesses: If a person has a chronic illness, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer or Alzheimer's disease, it is at a higher risk of developing depression.

Personality types: Certain personality types, such as those with low self-esteem, self-critical, or pessimistic are at high risk of developing depression.

After-birth depression: It is common for mothers to feel a mild form of distress that usually occurs a few days to weeks after giving birth. This can eventually escalate into a depression disorder.

Alcohol, nicotine and drug abuse: People with depression commonly use alcohol, nicotine, and mood-altering drugs as a way to ease the symptoms, not knowing that these substances can only contribute to the primary disorder %26ndash; depression.



Different types of depression




There are several kinds of depressive disorders, including the following.

Major depression: This type of mood disturbance lasts more than two weeks and the most common symptoms are overwhelming feelings of sadness and grief, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

Dysthymia: Although some think that dysthymia isn%26rsquo;t depression, it is typically described as a less severe but more chronic form of the disorder. Signs and symptoms usually aren't as disabling as those of major depression are.

Adjustment disorders: It is completely normal that someone is feeling tense, sad, overwhelmed, or angry if someone close to them died or received a diagnosis of terminal illness. This is known as an adjustment disorder %26ndash; a situation when someone%26rsquo;s response to a stressful event or situation causes depression.

Bipolar disorder: Patients suffering from bipolar disorder experience recurrent episodes of depression and mania. Because this condition involves emotions at both extremes (poles), it's called bipolar disorder, or manic-depressive disorder. Most common symptoms of mania include: Abnormal or excessive elation, unusual irritability, decreased need for sleep, grandiose notions, increased talking, racing thoughts, increased sexual desire, markedly increased energy, poor judgment or inappropriate social behavior.

Seasonal affective disorder: Seasonal affective disorder is a pattern of depression related to changes in seasons and a lack of exposure to sunlight. The most common symptoms are headaches, irritability and a low energy level.



Diagnosis of depression




Physical and psychological examination: The first step in setting the appropriate treatment for depression is a physical examination by a physician. If a physical cause for the depression is ruled out, a psychological evaluation should be done by the physician or by referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist. In most cases, this is enough to establish the right diagnosis.

Mental status examination: A diagnostic evaluation should also include a mental status examination to determine if some cognitive patterns or memory have been affected.



Treatment %26ndash; Medications




Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI): Considered the most effective antidepressive medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are fluoxetine (Prozac%26reg;, Sarafem%26reg;), paroxetine (Paxil%26reg;), sertraline (Zoloft%26reg;), citalopram (Celexa%26reg;) and escitalopram (Lexapro%26reg;). They work by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin in a patient%26rsquo;s brain.

Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants (TTA): These antidepressants also affect neurotransmitters, but by a different mechanism than SSRI. The most commonly used are amitriptyline, desipramine (Norpramin%26reg;), nortriptyline (Aventyl%26reg;, Pamelor%26reg;), protriptyline (Vivactil%26reg;), trimipramine (Surmontil%26reg;) and a combination of perphenazine and amitriptyline. Tetracyclics include maprotiline and mirtazapine (Remeron%26reg;).

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI): These drugs prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters. Most commonly used are phenelzine (Nardil%26reg;) and tranylcypromine (Parnate%26reg;).

Stimulants: Sometimes psychiatrists prescribe stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin%26reg;, Concerta%26reg;), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine%26reg;, Dextrostat%26reg;) or modafinil (Provigil%26reg;).

Lithium and mood-stabilizing medications: Lithium (Eskalith%26reg;, Lithobid%26reg;), valproic acid (Depakene%26reg;), divalproex (Depakote%26reg;) and carbamazepine (Tegretol%26reg;, Carbatrol%26reg;) are often prescribed for treatment of bipolar depression.

Certain other medications called atypical antipsychotics are also being used for treatment of psychotic disorders - olanzapine (Zyprexa%26reg;), risperidone (Risperdal%26reg;) and quetiapine (Seroquel%26reg;)



Psychotherapy




Depression could be treated with several different types of psychotherapy. Each type involves a short-term approach aiming to help a patient deal with a specific issue. Of course, no goal comes quickly and that%26rsquo;s why prolonged psychotherapy is usually necessary to treat depression. The success of therapy depends on the doctor%26rsquo;s expertise as much as the patient%26rsquo;s ability to be comfortable with the therapist. There are several types of specialized and supervised group therapies, such as bereavement groups, stress management classes, marital counseling and family therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy: Although people consider this form of therapy rather invasive and unsafe, a proven fact is that electroconvulsive therapy is generally safe and effective. Although the results are positive, it%26rsquo;s still unclear how it works. Experts are assuming that the procedure may affect levels of neurotransmitters in a patient%26rsquo;s brain, relieving the symptoms of depression. The most common side effect is confusion that lasts a few minutes to several hours although some people experience transient memory loss.

Light therapy: Although this form of therapy can't be used with all types of depression, light therapy may help in treatment of seasonal affective disorder. This disorder involves periods of depression that recur at the same time each year, usually when days are shorter in the fall and winter. This is because scientists believe that hours of sunlight may increase levels of melatonin %26ndash; a brain hormone considered to the be the main regulator of sleep and depression moods.

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Tubal ligation side effects

Women interested in a permanent form of birth control should look into an attractive procedure called tubal ligation. This surgical procedure serilizes a woman very effectively, preventing pregnancy with a failure rate as low as 0.4%. So, what exactly is tubal ligation? This surgical procedure invol...

Women interested in a permanent form of birth control should look into an attractive procedure called tubal ligation. This surgical procedure serilizes a woman very effectively, preventing pregnancy with a failure rate as low as 0.4%.

So, what exactly is tubal ligation? This surgical procedure involves a woman%26rsquo;s fallopian tubes being cut, clamped or blocked, preventing eggs from traveling down to the uterus. Not only that, it also blocks the sperm from traveling along the tube to meet the egg.

Women should be aware of one important fact %26ndash;tubal ligation is generally regarded as a permanent type of birth control, although reversal surgery may be available, but there is no guarantee reversal will work. Success rates for pregnancy after a tubal ligation reversal range between 70% and 80%.

There are also several possible side effects and possible complications that could occur during and after the operation. Although tubal ligation is an effective way of preventing pregnancy, in no way does it protect against sexually transmitted diseases, which is why safety measures will still be necessary if a patient enjoys a high-risk sexual life.



Statistical data




More then 700,000 tubal ligation procedures are performed each year in the United States, and almost 50 percent are performed right after a woman gives birth. Eleven million US women between 15-44 years of age rely on sterilization, and more than 190 million couples worldwide use surgical sterilization.





It obviously represents a very safe and reliable method of permanent birth control.



Indications for the operation




Tubal ligation may be the best option for women who are certain that they wish to prevent future pregnancies - in other words, to be permanently sterilized. Some women regret their decisions later on, however, and the rule is that the younger the woman, the more likely it is that she will eventually want a reversal procedure. However, this operation should be considered as a permanent procedure, and it isn%26rsquo;t recommended as a temporary or reversible one. Although tubal ligation can sometimes be reversed, this requires a major surgical procedure and a great majority of women will not be able to get pregnant again in life.



Procedure




Although highly effective, a tubal ligation is a relatively simple operation done in a clinic, doctor's office, or hospital, and it can be performed under local or general anesthesia.



Post-op treatment




Most surgeons will advise a patient to take 2 to 3 days off after the surgery. Some patients are concerned about how much time will have to pass until sexual activity becomes an option again. The answer is, sexual activity can start again as soon as the woman feels comfortable, usually after a week or so.

Recovery time depends on a patient%26rsquo;s pain tolerance, the type of anesthesia used, and overall healing ability. Some patients feel slight abdominal pain and tiredness. Less often, patients may experience dizziness, nausea, shoulder pain, abdominal cramps, a gassy or bloated feeling, or general fatigue, but most or all of these symptoms usually go away within two to five days, and most women return to their usual routines a couple of days after surgery.



Non-surgical method of tubal ligation




About four or five years ago a new, non-surgical method of blocking the fallopian tubes was presented to the patients. It is based on one specific form of tubal ligation which involves having a small coil placed into the fallopian tubes, thereby creating a barrier. The only problem is that it takes between three and six months before this type of tubal ligation becomes effective. During this time, a woman should use other available forms of contraception.



Results and possible risks of tubal ligation




As with any other type of surgery, there are risks involved with having one%26rsquo;s tubes tied, including infection and uterine perforation. Besides these possible side effects, women who have had their tubes tied and still become pregnant are more likely to experience an ectopic pregnancy, which is considered to be a life-threatening condition. Other possible risks include menstrual cycle disturbances and gynecological problems.

Bleeding, infection, or reaction to anesthetics may also occur. Other possible but very rare complications include damage to organs, including bowels, bladder, uterus, ovaries, blood vessels, and nerves. Although rare, deaths have also been reported in tubal ligation procedures, and patients should be made aware of this.



Tubal ligation - pros and cons




Advantages

%26bull; Permanent birth control.
%26bull; Immediately effective.
%26bull; Allows sexual spontaneity.
%26bull; Requires no daily attention.
%26bull; Not messy.
%26bull;Cost-effective in the long run.

Disadvantages

%26bull; Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS
%26bull; Requires surgery.
%26bull; Has risks associated with surgery.
%26bull; More complicated than male sterilization.
%26bull; May not be reversible.
%26bull; Possible regret.



Sexuality




Effects on sexuality are an improtant concern for almost all patients, because women are worried whether the operation will have an effects on sexual intercourse. The answer is simple %26ndash; women are fully able to enjoy sex after a tubal ligation. In a great majority of cases, hormone levels and the menstrual cycle are left unaffected by this method of sterilization, which means that ovaries continue to release eggs, but they are stopped in the tubes and reabsorbed by the body.



Costs of tubal ligation




The initial cost of a tubal ligation can be high, ranging between $1,000 and $3,000. However, because the effects are permanent, it may be a more cost-effective solution for some women. The bottom line is, only women who are sure that they do not want any more children should consider a tubal ligation as a best possible successful means of birth control.



Tubal ligation procedure and age issues




The incidence of menstrual problems after tubal ligation may be higher in women who undergo the procedure in their 20s. The technique does sometimes impair blood flow to the ovary, and can lead to menstrual irregularities earlier than normal, which is why young women are at higher risk.



Reversal of tubal ligation




Women who are planning to have tubal ligation done should know that, generally, this procedure is done with no intentions of being reversed. Most patients are satisfied with their permanent sterilizations. However, experts are saying that some types of the procedure can be reversed with surgery. Best candidates for the reversal are those women who have left a sizable amount of tubal tissue in place. However, tubal ligation with the use of cauterization generally leaves very few candidates for reversal,likely none.


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First symptoms a woman deals in perimenopause and their effects on her mind

Most women don’t even know what perimenopause is, but they definitely know how to tell if something strange is happening to them. Perimenopause is the interval in which a woman’s body begins its transition into menopause, showing specific symptoms characteristic neither to normal fertili...
Most women don%26rsquo;t even know what perimenopause is, but they definitely know how to tell if something strange is happening to them. Perimenopause is the interval in which a woman%26rsquo;s body begins its transition into menopause, showing specific symptoms characteristic neither to normal fertility nor to the menopause period. Experts consider perimenopause to be a period of several years leading up to menopause, anywhere from 2 to 8 years, plus the first year after the woman%26rsquo;s final period.

Perimenopause isn%26rsquo;t anything pathological or abnormal. It is simply a natural part of aging that signals the ending of a woman%26rsquo;s reproductive years. It is all, of course, caused by hormone fluctuations, as the levels of reproductive hormones, estrogen and progesterone rise and fall unevenly during perimenopause.
The start and total duration of perimenopause vary from person to person, but a woman will probably notice signs of impending menopause, such as menstrual irregularities, at some point during her 40s, although some notice changes as early as their mid-30s.



Signs and symptoms




Perimenopause is a strange period characterized by subtle and not-so-subtle changes of the body. Some of the most characteristic symptoms include the following.

Menstrual irregularities: One of the first signs of perimenopause may be a change in a woman%26rsquo;s menstrual cycle. Many women start having less regular periods, while some have a lighter flow than normal. Others have a heavier flow and may bleed profusely for a number of days.





The upside to all this is that women who have had problems with heavy menstrual periods and cramps will find relief once menopause starts.

Hot flashes and sleep problems: A hot flash is a sudden feeling of heat in the upper part of the body. It is an extremely unpleasant condition characterized by, a woman%26rsquo;s face and neck becoming flushed, or red blotches appearing on the chest, back, and arms. All this can be accompanied by heavy sweating and cold shivering. These flashes can be as mild as a light blush or severe enough to wake you from a sound sleep. Most flashes last between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.

Mood changes: A great majority of women experience mood swings, irritability, or depression during perimenopause. Although the cause may be sleep deprivation or other menopausal symptoms, a possible cause could also be hormonal changes resulting from perimenopause.

Vaginal and bladder problems: When estrogen levels are depleted, a woman%26rsquo;s vaginal tissue may lose lubrication and elasticity, making intercourse painful and almost impossible. Not only that, research has confirmed that this loss of tissue tone may contribute to urinary incontinence.

Decreasing fertility: The logical consequence of irregular ovulation is a decreased ability to conceive. However, keep in mind that as long as a woman is having periods, pregnancy remains a possibility.

Changes in sexual function: Although this is not necessarily a sign of perimenopause, most women find that their feelings about sex change as menopause draws near. Some experience dryness of the vagina that makes sexual intercourse painful, while others feel freer and sexier because menopause will prevent possible pregnancies.

Loss of bone tissue: Because of declining estrogen levels, women start to lose bone tissue more quickly than they can replace it. Of course, this increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Variable cholesterol levels: The depletion of estrogen may also lead to unfavorable changes in blood cholesterol levels, including an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol %26ndash; the bad kind of cholesterol. This could be a serious complication because it contributes to an increased risk of heart disease.



Risk factors




Although menopause is a normal part of a woman's life, it is known to occur earlier than expected. This is why women are interested in the risk factors associated with an earlier onset of menopause. Although this has not been proven yet, there is evidence suggesting that certain factors may contribute to perimenopause at an earlier stage in life.

Family history: Most women experience menopause around the same age as their mothers and sisters. Experts are unable to explain this fact.

Never delivered: If woman has never given birth, this could be considered as a risk factor, but it could also be related to the hormone fluctuations present during pregnancy.

Heart disease: Recently conducted studies show that there is a connection between a history of heart disease and early menopause. This could be explained easily, as an increased risk of heart disease (elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure) and early menopause are usually connected.



Perimenopause and medical interventions




Menopause may be induced at any time after your first period by medical intervention.

Total hysterectomybilateral oophorectomy: The radical way of causing menopause is an operation called total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy, in which both the uterus and the ovaries are removed. Hormone production stops suddenly, so there's no perimenopausal phase, and periods stop immediately.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Research into radiation side effects have proven that these cancer therapies can cause the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and cessation of periods, during the course of treatment.



Is there any treatment for perimenopause?




Oral contraceptives: Anti-baby pills can help! Women have experienced relieve of perimenopausal symptoms after taking oral contraceptives. These pills can be used for other reasons than birth control. The mechanism is simple %26ndash; treatments with combined estrogen and progestin can help keep periods regular, plus ease all the symptoms.

Menopause hormone therapy: If a woman reaches menopause and still needs treatment for perimenopause symptoms, she should switch from birth control pills to menopause hormone therapy (HT) because they are a lot safer. This therapy contains much lower doses of hormones.

Useful life-style changes: If a woman makes certain changes in her life, she can ease her symptoms and keep herself healthy.


- Eat only healthy foods

A healthy diet is most important in relieving perimenopause symptoms, counteracting specifically the high risks of osteoporosis and heart disease. A woman should eat whole-grain food, vegetables, and fruit, as well as calcium-rich food (milk, cheese, etc.), or take a calcium supplement to obtain recommended daily intake.

- Get moving and exercise

Everyone knows that regular exercise can help keep a woman%26rsquo;s weight regulated and make her sleep better, but it can also make her bones stronger, and improve her mood.

Other useful life style changes

%26bull; Quit smoking and drink less
%26bull; Get more sleep; try going to sleep and waking up at the same time each day
%26bull; Reach a healthy weight and try to stay there
%26bull; Take multivitamin supplements and ingest enough calcium
%26bull; Drink at least eight glasses of water each day



Perimenopause and pregnancy issues




Make no mistake, a woman can indeed get pregnant in perimenopause, unless she has gone 12 consecutive months without a period. That%26rsquo;s why she should talk to her doctor about birth control options. A woman at this age should be aware of the fact that no method of birth control is foolproof, and some of them offer no protection against STDs.

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Controlling Appetite Naturally

Most people understand that to lose weight, you must burn more energy than you take in.In other words, you need to create a calorie deficit by exercising and eating a proper diet.But if people already know this, and it’s that simple, then what is it that’s keeping so many people from los...

Most people understand that to lose weight, you must burn more energy than you take in. In other words, you need to create a calorie deficit by exercising and eating a proper diet.



But if people already know this, and it%26rsquo;s that simple, then what is it that%26rsquo;s keeping so many people from losing weight?



One of the biggest culprits is appetite. Historically, humans have been able to survive times of famine by living off fat stores. This means that during times of plenty, humans had to eat food in a quantity that didn%26rsquo;t merely support daily activity, but also allowed us to make deposits in our energy banks%26mdash;our bellies, love handles, and thighs. To go out and take on the arduous task of finding and preparing food, we needed a physiological stimulus, something that got us off our duffs and out of our caves or mud huts. Thus we developed an appetite, a desire to eat that is regulated by a complex interplay of the brain, digestive tract, and several of the body%26rsquo;s other organs and systems.



Our appetite is one of the reasons we%26rsquo;ve been able to survive as a species for as long as we have.





It%26rsquo;s also the reason we can%26rsquo;t keep ourselves from eating cookies if we know they%26rsquo;re in the house. To be victorious in the battle of the bulge, you need to learn how to manage your hunger. Here are three natural ways.



1. Fill %26lsquo;Er Up



In her book Volumetrics, Dr. Barbara Rolls explains how eating low-calorie, bulky food satisfies your hunger as well as (or almost as well as) eating a similar volume of food with higher calories. For example, eating two cups of mixed vegetables is going to fill up your belly and satisfy your hunger at a level comparable to two cups of chocolate candy, but at a fraction of the calories. This is quite a claim, but she backs it up with her own peer-reviewed research. Also, a 1998 study observed that men who ate soup (a food that has a low calorie-to-volume ratio) immediately before lunch not only ate fewer calories at lunch, but also fewer calories at dinner. (Himaya, Louis-Sylvestre; Appetite; April 1998)



Eat foods with a high fiber and water content, such as vegetables, fruits, and soups. Replace processed grains with bulkier whole grains. And get most of your protein from lean sources rather than their fatty equivalents.



2. Get Some Z%26rsquo;s



A 2004 study measuring the relationship between sleep and obesity found that getting adequate sleep plays an important role in maintaining a healthy weight. Researchers reported a relationship between short sleep duration and a high body mass index. (Mignot, et al, PLoS Med, 2004; 3:e62) Specifically, researchers found that a lack of sleep is associated with higher levels of ghrelin, a hormone that promotes hunger, and lower levels of leptin, a hormone that promotes satiety.



Get eight hours of sleep a night, maintain a regular sleep schedule whenever possible, and try to keep sleep disruptions to a minimum.



3. Tame the Taste Buds



In his book The Flavor Point Diet, Dr. Jonathan Katz explains that our appetites are greatly influenced by the flavors in our foods. He claims, based on his own original research and on the research of other scientists, that when we eat a particular flavor we stimulate the appetite, and we will then feel hungry until our brain%26rsquo;s %26ldquo;flavor meters%26rdquo; are satisfied.



Katz explains that each basic flavor%26mdash;salty, sweet, sour, bitter and savory%26mdash;triggers a unique appetite meter in the brain and that this meter is unsatisfied until a certain amount of that flavor is consumed. Tasting that first bite of salty food makes you hungry for more salt. Likewise, the first taste of sugar makes you hungry for more sugar. Conversely, not eating a certain flavor keeps that flavor%26rsquo;s meter in the %26ldquo;off%26rdquo; position, where it does not stimulate the appetite.



You won%26rsquo;t feel satisfied from a meal until you reach what Katz describes as the %26ldquo;flavor point,%26rdquo; when you no longer want any more of any flavor. The more flavors in a meal, the more flavor receptors there are that must be satisfied and thus the more potential for you to overeat. (Remember the last time you stuffed yourself at a meal, when you couldn%26rsquo;t eat another bite or you%26rsquo;d explode? Remember when you then somehow made room for dessert?)



Processed foods often combine several flavors. For example, sweet breakfast cereals often contain liberal amounts of salt and salty potato chips often contain surprisingly high amounts of sugar. Katz asserts that food manufacturers combine flavors in this way to make you and me hungrier, so that we in turn eat and buy more of their product.



Skip the buffet, because all of the flavors will fool you into feeling hunger, even after a second or third plate. Experiment with flavors by organizing your meals according to flavor themes, such as eating whole-grain pancakes, light syrup and fruit for a sweet breakfast one morning and lean ham and eggs for a salty breakfast another morning. Pass on the dessert tray. And cut down on processed foods%26mdash;don%26rsquo;t let food companies fool you into eating more than you need or truly want.



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What do you know about acupressure?

Almost everyone has heard of acupuncture, but not too many people have heard about acupressure. Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine technique based on the same ideas as acupuncture; it involves placing physical pressure by hand, elbow, or with the aid of various devices, on different acupu...
Almost everyone has heard of acupuncture, but not too many people have heard about acupressure. Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine technique based on the same ideas as acupuncture; it involves placing physical pressure by hand, elbow, or with the aid of various devices, on different acupuncture points on the surface of the body. Both acupressure and acupuncture, as well as other therapies such as Shiatsu and reflexology, are based on the concept of a person's energy, or life force.
Although many people practice these techniques all around the world, there is no scientific proof regarding their efficacy (or lack thereof). There is no physically verifiable anatomical or histological basis for the existence of acupoints.

Supposedly, when these acupressure points are pressed, they release muscular tension and promote the circulation of blood. This should also activate the body's life force energy to aid healing. Acupuncture and acupressure use the same points and meridians, but acupuncture employs needles, while acupressure uses gentle but firm pressure. People who enjoy the benefits of acupressure claim that it can help alleviate headaches, migraines, insomnia, depression, toothache, dizziness, menstrual pain, digestive disorders including diarrhea and constipation, nausea, morning sickness, motion sickness, stress, and tiredness.



Acupressure history




As previously mentioned, acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine bodywork technique which involves placing physical pressure on different pressure points on the surface of the body in order to bring relief through greater balance and circulation of energies in the body.





This energy is called the %26ldquo;qi%26rdquo;.
It is interesting that probably the earliest evidence of use of the meridian acupoints system for health purposes has been found in Europe. One 5,000 years old mummy called %26Ouml;tzi the Iceman, found preserved in an Alpine glacier seems to have tattoos, some of which could point the way for a modern acupuncturist.
Acupressure shares basic principles with acupuncture, but the pressure is applied directly to the acupoints of the body mainly by using the hands, fingers, or knuckles and sometimes by using a smooth, blunt object.



How Does It Work?




The concepts of internal and external energy and environment are very important to the philosophy of traditional Asian medicine. They believe that the human body encloses a perpetual flow of bio-energy, or life-force, called %26quot;chi, %26quot;ki%26quot; or %26quot;qi%26quot;. This energy flows into the body and along specific pathways called meridians, influencing the functioning of all organs. This is a crucial concept because, in healthy individuals, this flow maintains a constant balance of both itself and the external environment. When external or internal events occur which disturb this balance, disease ensues. But the story isn%26rsquo;t that simple! Along these meridians, there are many pressure points that act as %26quot;valves%26quot; for the flow of chi. Stimulation of these points, when properly performed, acts to restore balance to the internal environment, thereby relieving symptoms of the condition that disturbed the balance.



Acupressure techniques: Pressing and reducing points




There are two ways that acupressure points are manipulated: pressing and reducing them.

Pressing: Usually the fingers are used to press, but the experts sometimes find that for many points the fingers may be a bit too thick. Objects 3-4 mm thick are used, like a pencil eraser that's on the butt-end of a pencil. Sometimes even a fingernail could be used. Pressing points for as little as half a second can have a distinguishable effect. However, to get a full effect however, pressure should be applied for at least half a minute.

Reducing: To reduce a point, a person should turn a finger over it in counter-clockwise direction, also for 1-2 minutes. This should cause a full healing effect. It is also important to keep in mind that one should not get into the habit of doing the same points every day. They should be pressed or reduced only when really needed.



What can the manipulation of points bring about?




Acupuncture points can be manipulated in various ways. Beside the %26ldquo;usual%26rdquo; manipulations, sometimes acupuncturists also apply heat by burning moxa, using a laser, or applying electric current. This way the therapist increases energy in areas that the point influences.

Reducing a point is actually not the opposite of reinforcing it. By reducing, an acupuncturist removes a blockage of energy. How do we know where the blockade of energy is? Well, a blockage may be felt as tension, pain, or heat. Energy accumulates there, and starts moving again only after removing the blockage. You can reduce a point by continually moving a finger counterclockwise over it.



How to recognize the %26ldquo;right%26rdquo; point?




When a therapist is not feeling any effects from pressing points, there may be several different causes.

%26bull; The therapist may not be pressing the exact right spot, because acupoints are about 0.5 mm in diameter
%26bull; The therapist could be pressing too lightly
%26bull; The therapist should always check the efficacy on a patients face because almost all points have some effect. Not only that, many of the points also have some subtle effect on the quality of vision, so the patient may see more clearly.



Needles vs. fingers




When we use needles, we%26rsquo;re performing acupuncture, not accupressure. Many therapists first started as acupuncturist and then moved on to acupressure, discouraged by the risks of damaging tissue. Acupuncture may also damage blood vessels, nerves, tendons or bone, which can all be quite painful. On the breast or shoulders, you may puncture the lung. Using needles as an amateur may not even be legal.



Warnings




The most important thing there is to know about acupuncture and acupressure is that they should never be used to replace standard emergency procedures or licensed medical treatment. If someone is seriously injured or has persistent symptoms, he or she should immediately seek conventional medical treatment

Acupressure should not be used:

%26bull; As the only treatment for illness
%26bull; If a patient has a heart condition
%26bull; Just before or within 20 minutes after heavy exercise, a large meal, or bathing
%26bull; If the pressure should be applied under a mole, wart, varicose vein, abrasion, bruise, cut, or any other break in the skin
%26bull; If a patient is pregnant, especially more than 3 months

Shiatsu %26ndash; a version of acupressure

The Japanese practice of Shiatsu literally means %26quot;finger pressure.%26rdquo; It is a skill very similar to acupressure. During a Shiatsu massage thumbs are most commonly used to apply pressure, although other fingers, knuckles, palms, elbows and even feet can be used. The degree of pressure that is applied varies, as well as the duration.

Luo Points

Luo Points is an acupuncture term referring to special points that are believed to have greater significance. According to acupuncture theory, these 12 points are places where the body can be manipulated in order to get the optimal effect when applying acupuncture.

Fire Cupping

There is one more version of acupressure, based on creating a vacuum next to the patient's skin. In traditional Chinese medicine it involves placing glass, plastic, or bamboo cups on the skin to create vacuum. Cupping is also used to treat back, neck, shoulder, and other musculoskeletal pain.

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Phentermine-diet pills that work

Phentermine is a drug primarily used as an appetite suppressant. Although relatively well-known, few people are aware of the fact that it has the basic chemical structure of an amphetamine, which means that it acts as a stimulant, causing an elevation of blood pressure and faster heart rates. Phente...
Phentermine is a drug primarily used as an appetite suppressant. Although relatively well-known, few people are aware of the fact that it has the basic chemical structure of an amphetamine, which means that it acts as a stimulant, causing an elevation of blood pressure and faster heart rates. Phentermine is in a class of drugs called anorectics which decrease appetite by changing brain levels of certain neurotransmitters.

Phentermine is available in 30 mg and 37.5 mg tablets. It is a short-term-use drug normally as part of hasa diet and behavior-modification plan to treat obesity. Although often abused in other purposes, it is typically prescribed for individuals who are at increased medical risk because of their weight, as opposed to cosmetic weight loss.
Because of that, it has been removed from the market by the FDA.

Phentermine is still available by itself in most countries, including the U.S. but the problem is that, because it is an amphetamine, individuals may develop an addiction to it. It is classified as a controlled substance in many countries and is internationally considered a schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.





Phentermine is also known under the following brand names:

%26bull; Adipex-P%26reg;
%26bull; Anoxine-AM%26reg;
%26bull; Fastin%26reg;
%26bull; Ionamin%26reg;
%26bull; Obephen%26reg;
%26bull; Obermine%26reg;
%26bull; Obestin-30%26reg;
%26bull; Phentrol%26reg;



History




This drug first received an approval from the FDA as an appetite-suppressing drug back in 1959. It was previously sold as Fastin%26reg; from King Pharmaceuticals for SmithKline but later, in 1998, it was removed from the market.







Since 1959, there have been almost no clinical studies performed. The most recent study was in 1990 which combined phentermine with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine, and became known as Fen-Phen. Although this combination has never been approved by the FDA, this study has proven that Fen-Phen was more effective than diet and exercise, with few side effects. However, future studies proved that nearly 30% of people taking fenfluramine of dexfenfluramine had abnormal valve findings and that%26rsquo;s one of the reasons why it has been taken off the market by the FDA.



Mechanism of action




As previously mentioned, this drug is chemically almost identical to amphetamine, and, like many other prescription drugs, works with neurotransmitters in the brain. It is a centrally-acting stimulant, which means that phentermine stimulates neuron bundles to release a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines. This special kind of neurotransmitters includes dopamine, epinephrine (also known as adrenalin), and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and has anorectic properties. Anorectic activity is present most likely due to the effect on the central nervous system, because it is basically the same mechanism of action that other stimulant appetite suppressants such as diethylpropion and phendimetrazine have. All this is based on the regulation of the %26ldquo;fight-or-flight response%26rdquo;. (Neurotransmitters activate a fight-or-flight response in the body which, in turn, puts a halt to the hunger signal. The result is logical %26ndash; it causes a loss in appetite because the brain does not receive the hunger message.)



FDA recommendations




Presently, it is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration that phentermine should be only used short-term. This period is usually interpreted as 'up to 12 weeks'. fter that, one should follow up with ordinary non-pharmacological approaches to weight loss, such as healthy dieting and exercise.
The usage of this medication is so limited for drug tolerance reasons, to prevent the body from adjusting to the drug completely. This is somewhat controversial because many clinical studies have been done on this mater, and they showed that phentermine did not lose effectiveness in a 36-week trial.
A second reason is an increased risk of insomnia. To avoid this problem, it is generally recommended that the drug be taken either before breakfast or 1-2 hours after breakfast.



How to Take this Medicine?




Phentermine should be taken on an empty stomach, once per day, 30-60 minutes before breakfast. Because it is rather big, the tablet may be broken or cut in half; it should never be crushed or chewed. As already explained, the medication should be avoided in the evenings because it may cause sleeplessness.



Side effects




Generally, phentermine appears to be relatively well tolerated. Like all medications, it may cause side effects because of catecholamine-releasing properties.


Most common side effects that could be caused by these substances are:


* tachycardia
* increased heart rate
* increased alertness
* increased blood pressure
* increased heart rate
* palpitations
* restlessness
* insomnia
* euphoria
* psychological



Addiction




Phentermine is habit-forming. A patient can become physically and psychologically dependent on this medication, and withdrawal effects may occur if stopped suddenly after several weeks of continuous use. That%26rsquo;s why all patients should practice coming off this medication gradually.



Contraindications for Phentermine




* Allergy: A patient should report to a doctor any previous unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine, as well as amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, ephedrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, metaproterenol, methamphetamine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, terbutaline, or other appetite suppressants.

* Diet: During the usage of this medication, a patient should follow a reduced-calorie diet in order to lose weight. Even after the patient has stopped using it, the diet and exercise regimen should be continued in order to maintain the new weight.

* Pregnancy: If a pregnant woman takes this medicine in high doses, or more often than the doctor has directed, it may cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn baby.

* Breast-feeding: Medications such as Diethylpropion and benzphetamine pass into breast milk but; it is not known if other sympathomimetic appetite suppressants pass into breast milk. However, use of sympathomimetic appetite suppressants during breast-feeding is not recommended.

* Children: The use of these medicinations by children younger than 16 years of age is not recommended.

Other contraindications:

* Cardiovascular disease
* Atherosclerosis
* Glaucoma
* Agitation
* High blood pressure
* Hyperthyroidism
* History of drug abuse



Drug Interaction




Phentermine should not be taken by patients with glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, or a history of drug abuse or psychotic illnesses, to avoid detrimental interaction with medications used for these conditions. Phentermine is not recommended for patients with poorly controlled high blood pressure. Insulin requirements may change in patients on phentermine, which means that diabetes could also be contraindication. As with any other medications, alcohol can cause a drug interaction.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even though an interaction might occur.

When talking about appetite suppressants, it is important to mention that there are several possible contraindications with other medications such as:

%26bull; Amantadine
%26bull; Amphetamines or
%26bull; Caffeine
%26bull; Chlophedianol
%26bull; Cocaine or
%26bull; Medicine for asthma or other breathing problems
%26bull; Medicine for colds, sinus problems, or hay fever or other allergies
%26bull; Methylphenidate
%26bull; Nabilone
%26bull; Pemoline
%26bull; Appetite suppressants (diet pills)
%26bull; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram [e.g., Celexa%26reg;], fluoxetine [e.g., Prozac%26reg;], fluvoxamine [e.g., Luvox%26reg;], paroxetine [e.g., Paxil%26reg;], sertraline [e.g., Zoloft%26reg;])
%26bull; Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (furazolidone [e.g., Furoxone%26reg;], isocarboxazid [e.g., Marplan%26reg;], phenelzine [e.g., Nardil%26reg;], procarbazine [e.g., Matulane%26reg;], selegiline [e.g., Eldepryl%26reg;], tranylcypromine [e.g., Parnate%26reg;])
%26bull; Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline [e.g., Elavil%26reg;], amoxapine [e.g., Asendin%26reg;], clomipramine [e.g., Anafranil%26reg;], desipramine [e.g., Pertofrane%26reg;], doxepin [e.g., Sinequan%26reg;], imipramine [e.g., Tofranil%26reg;], nortriptyline [e.g., Aventyl%26reg;], protriptyline [e.g., Vivactil%26reg;], trimipramine [e.g., Surmontil%26reg;])



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The Philosophy behind Pilates Exercises

These last couple of years, it seems just about everyone practices Pilates, from Hollywood celebrities to your next door neighbors. The name of this fast growing phenomenon is an acronym for “Proximal Integrating Latent Agile Toning Exercise”. Pilates isn’t just another form of exe...
These last couple of years, it seems just about everyone practices Pilates, from Hollywood celebrities to your next door neighbors. The name of this fast growing phenomenon is an acronym for %26ldquo;Proximal Integrating Latent Agile Toning Exercise%26rdquo;. Pilates isn%26rsquo;t just another form of exercise, but a method of stretching and strengthening the body. These exercises are based on systematic practices designed to develop the body%26rsquo;s core through balancing, stretching, strengthening, and breathing.



History of Pilates




Pilates exercises are the invention of Joseph H. Pilates, a German born in 1880. During World War II, he was a doctor in an English hospital. Observing injured soldiers confined to their beds and unable to exercise, he came to the idea to create a machine made of old hospital beds and springs, and design a method of exercise which would help the soldiers in rehabilitation regain their strength. Later, when he came to New York, he also brought along this method of exercise. Since then, Pilates exercises gradually became very popular counting more and more fans around the world.



How Does Pilates Work?




Pilates works by combining breathing techniques with special stretches. Unlike other forms of exercise, Pilates represent a method focused on improving the body%26rsquo;s core by making the body more flexible and stronger. Many people confuse it with yoga, but Pilates is actually much more dynamic of the two because it pushes the body through stretching and targets flexibility, posture, and strength.



The Benefits of Pilates




Pilates practitioners have reported that by doing regular exercises, their bodies become toner, better-balanced, and stronger.





After a complete course of these exercises, an individual should instantly feel the difference in their abs, backs, and legs. All this leads to weight loss, increased energy levels, and a general sense of well-being. Although most people see Pilates as a kind of exercise targeted specifically at women, especially overweight woman, that isn%26rsquo;t true. Pilates is an ideal workout for athletes recovering from injury, older people with not enough capacity to do strenuous exercise, and pregnant women as well.

The most favorable benefits from doing Pilates exercises are:

%26bull; Aligning your body
%26bull; Rehabilitation of all kinds of injuries
%26bull; Developing and strengthening abdominal muscles
%26bull; Stretching and strengthens the whole body
%26bull; Increased energy levels



The Pilates principles




Pilates follows principles based on a well-constructed philosophical and theoretical foundation. It shouldn%26rsquo;t be considered just a collection of exercises but a method, developed and refined over more than 800 years. There are certain inherent ruling principles that bring all these elements together under the Pilates name, principles such as Centering, Concentration, Control, Precision, Breathing, and Flowing Movement.

Mind over matter: This is the main principle, a cornerstone of Pilates exercise, but also the most paradoxical one. The goal is to create a fusion of mind and body, because an individual should move with economy, grace, and balance without actively thinking about it. The goal for every participant is to hold oneself regally, making the most of the body%26rsquo;s strengths, counteracting weaknesses, and correcting imbalances.

Breathing: The author of Pilates exercises, Joseph Pilates, believed that a person should get the blood pumping just enough to awaken all the cells in the body, in order to carry away fatigue-related wastes. For the blood to do its work properly, it has to be charged with oxygen and purged of waste gases through proper breathing. Not only exercise, but also breathing should be done with concentration, control, and precision.

Relaxation: By learning to relax more deeply, a practitioner can avoid undue tension and significantly lower the risk of injury. In Pilates, the secret is to use just the right amount of effort, neither too much nor too little, in a relaxed, focused, and attentive way, adjusting to the needs of the moment.

Concentration: Concentration should be targeted on the entire body. This can be difficult to learn, but eventually it becomes a natural process. Once a person begins to pay attention to the whole body, he or she will find that even the most complex movements become quite simple.

Control: The complete concept of Pilates exercises is based on the idea of muscle control, which means there should be no sloppy, haphazard movements. All the exercises must be performed with the utmost control of all body parts in order to avoid injury and produce positive results.

Precision: Nothing in Pilates is done by incidence and every movement has some purpose. The focus is on doing one precise and perfect movement, rather than many imprecise ones.

Centering: Pilates is focused on a large group of muscles in our center %26ndash; uniting abdomen, lower back, hips, and buttocks. These groups of muscles are collectively called %26ldquo;powerhouse.%26rdquo; All energy for Pilates exercises stems from the powerhouse and flows outward to the extremities.

Fluidity: No move in Pilates should be done quickly or suddenly; all exercises should be performed fluidly with no static, isolated movements, because our bodies do not naturally function that way.

Alignment: Pilates works by aligning the body in a way that protects and supports the whole system of the bone structure and internal organs in a healthy way.



Common Pilates Exercises




Of course, a beginner can't hope to start with complicate exercises but rather should try some simple Pilates exercises to see how it feels, and upgrade the exercise program with time.

The Ballerina Arms exercise:

%26bull; Sit cross-legged, keeping the spine straight
%26bull; Bend the elbows at a 90 degree angle to protect the shoulder in its socket
%26bull; Then take the arms back to connect the shoulder blades
%26bull; Arms should be brought down so the shoulder blades slide down the spine
%26bull; Then, raise the bent arms above your head (as a ballerina would %26ndash; hence the name of the exercise)
%26bull; End with arms in front, just as they were at the start of the exercise

Repeat the exercise three times every day, and in one week you should see a major difference in your posture.

The Roll Up exercise:

%26bull; Lie on your back, legs straight, arms stretched above the head, shoulders down.
%26bull; While keeping the back flat on the floor, slowly lift arms toward the ceiling as you breathe in.
%26bull; Breathing out, slowly roll forward, peeling the spine off the mat. Head remains straight, eyes focused forward.
%26bull; Breathing in again, stretch out over your legs. Breathing out, slowly roll back down to the floor.
%26bull; There should be no pauses, and as you breathe in, roll up again to begin the second repetition. No more than ten repetitions should be done in a row.

Read More...

Does Frozen Shoulder Sound Familiar To You?

Frozen shoulder is also known as adhesive capsulitis. It is a condition that one will feel pain and stiffness in the shoulder. It may be a result of an injury or arise gradually without injury or warning.Although the exact cause of frozen shoulder is still unknown, it may occur after a shoulder inju...

Frozen shoulder is also known as adhesive capsulitis. It is a condition that one will feel pain and stiffness in the shoulder. It may be a result of an injury or arise gradually without injury or warning.



Although the exact cause of frozen shoulder is still unknown, it may occur after a shoulder injury or after prolonged immobilization of the shoulder, such as after surgery or an arm fracture. Diabetics do have a higher risk of suffering from frozen shoulder.



There is a school of thought that advocates that frozen shoulder may be caused by an autoimmune reaction, whereby the body%26rsquo;s defense system, which normally protects a person from infection, mistakenly begins to attack the tissues of the body instead.







Cardiac conditions like open heart surgery, angioplasty or peacemaker insertion that are unrelated to shoulder may also cause frozen shoulder. Many people are reluctant to move their shoulders after a heart procedure for fear of pain or affecting the chest wound. Immobilizing a joint seems to trigger the autoimmune response in some people, resulting in frozen shoulder.



Two key symptoms of frozen shoulder are shoulder pain and a very limited range of movement. A person with frozen shoulder is unable to move beyond a certain point, as if something were blocking the shoulder. He or she will feel very painful if he or she tries to move beyond that point, or sometimes at night. The tightness can cause difficulties in getting dressed, combing hair, or reaching across a table.



Frozen shoulder usually develops slowly in three stages with each stage lasting for few months.



Painful Stage
During this stage, pain occurs with any movement of the shoulder.



Frozen Stage
Pain may begin subsiding during this stage. However, the shoulder becomes stiffer and the range of motion decreases notably. Patients should avoid extreme movements that cause pain during this stage; but they can and should continue normal use of the shoulder.



Thawing Stage
During the thawing stage, the condition may begin to improve. Although this healing process may just occur on its own, help from a doctor is usually needed.



In order to determine the condition, it is advisable to consult a doctor so as to rule out other conditions or injuries such as a rotator cuff tear. Sometimes, X-ray, an arthrogram or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to help the diagnosis.



To prevent from frozen shoulder after a cardiac procedure, patients must follow the advice given by the healthcare professionals in the hospital. For example, during the first 2 week after a pacemaker insertion, the patient should limit his or her shoulder movement to about 90 degree. Then, he or she should gradually increase the shoulder movement, unless otherwise instructed by the doctor. After undergoing angioplasty or open heart surgery, it is generally safe to perform simple, gentle stretches of the shoulder as advised by the physiotherapist, unless otherwise instructed by the doctor.



Medical treatment may include pain-relief and anti-inflammatory medications, steroid injections, manipulation under anesthesia and arthroscopic release surgically. It is better to seek advice from doctors on the various types of treatment options available.



Usually but not necessarily, doctor may refer a patient to a physiotherapist who may offer pain-relief treatment options, help mobilize the shoulder joint and teach the appropriate exercises to gradually increase the range of shoulder movement and eventually strengthening exercises.



Read More...

Malabsorption-Medical treatment and dietary changes

Malabsorption is one specific symptom characterized by difficulties in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food substances. It is also a main symptom of a larger entity called the malabsorption syndrome! Therefore, malabsorption syndrome is an alteration in the ability of the intestine to ...
Malabsorption is one specific symptom characterized by difficulties in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food substances. It is also a main symptom of a larger entity called the malabsorption syndrome! Therefore, malabsorption syndrome is an alteration in the ability of the intestine to absorb nutrients adequately into the bloodstream. Several researches done in the past have shown that this condition can be caused by a variety of diseases or conditions, including cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance and several others%26hellip;


Pathophysiology of the condition



It is necessary to point out that- in order to better understand the mechanisms of malabsorption, understanding the normal physiological process of digestion and absorption by the intestinal tract is necessary. The fact is that the digestion and absorption can be divided into 3 major phases:




  • The luminal phase is the phase in which dietary fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are digesteded by secreted digestive enzymes and bile which is also secreted into the lumen


  • The mucosal phase is based on the integrity of the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells which purpose is to transport digested products from the lumen into the cells


  • The postabsorptive phase is phase characterized by transport of reassembled lipids and other extremely important nutrients through lymphatics and blood circulation






Causes and symptoms of malabsorption



Here are some basic facts about digestion and absorption. Normally- proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are absorbed in the small intestine. Experts are saying that the small bowel also absorbs about 80% of the 8 to 10 liters of fluid ingested daily. Important thing to know is that there are many different conditions that affect fluid and nutrient absorption by the intestine.





Some conditions are related to some failure of the body to produce the enzymes needed to digest certain foods and sometimes- it is all because of some congenital structural defects or diseases of the pancreas, gall bladder, or liver may alter the digestive process. It is also logical to assume that every inflammation, infection, injury, or surgical removal of portions of the intestine may also result in absorption problems. Surgeons are also saying that common condition that could contribute to malabsorption is reduced length or surface area of intestine available for fluid. It is also proven that every radiation therapy may injure the mucosa layer if the intestine, resulting in diarrhea. Some drugs (antibiotics) can also affect the bacteria that normally live in the intestine and affect absorption! Several disorders can lead to malabsorption syndrome, including cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, lactose intolerance, and gluten enteropathy (non-tropical sprue.) pernicious anemia, tropical sprue, Whipple's disease


Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome, biliary atresia, celiac disease, intestinal parasites, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and many others!


Risk factors



Researches showed that risk factors for malabsorption syndrome include:




  • Traveling to foreign countries


  • Intestinal surgery of any kind


  • Family history of malabsorption or cystic fibrosis


  • Use of certain drugs, such as mineral oil or other laxatives


  • Excess alcohol consumption.






Symptoms of malabsorption



The most common symptoms of malabsorption include:




  • Edema (fluid retention in the body's tissues) because of decreased protein absorption


  • Malnutrition and weight loss due to decreased fat, carbohydrate, and protein absorption.


  • Muscle cramping due to decreased vitamin D, calcium, and potassium levels


  • Anemia, with weakness and fatigue due to inadequate absorption of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid


  • Diarrhea, steatorrhea-fat in the stool and abdominal distention with cramps, bloating, and gas due to impaired water and carbohydrate absorption, and irritation from unabsorbed fatty acids.


  • Muscle wasting and atrophy due to decreased protein absorption and metabolism


  • Perianal skin burning, itching, or soreness due to frequent loose stools.


  • Irregular heart rhythms may also result from inadequate levels of potassium and other electrolytes.






Diagnosis of malabsorption



It is extremely important that diagnosis of malabsorption could be extremely difficult and that the identification of the underlying cause usually requires extensive diagnostic testing.




  • medical history and physical examination




Every patient should know that the first diagnostic phase should be a thorough medical history and physical examination by a physician.




  • Stool analysis and biopsy




In almost every case of malnutrition, a 72-hour stool collection should be ordered for fecal fat measurement; increased fecal fat in the stool collected indicates malabsorption. Sometimes, when these methods are insufficient, a biopsy of the small intestine may be done in order to help making a difference between malabsorption syndrome and small bowel disease.




  • Ultrasound, CT and MRI




Ultrasound, computed tomography scan (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), barium enema, or other x rays to identify abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.




Laboratory studies of the blood may include:




  • Serum vitamin A and carotene. These should be low due to bile salt deficiency and impaired fat absorption.


  • D-xylose test. Of course, decreased excretion may indicate malabsorption.


  • Serum cholesterol. Cholesterol should be low due to decreased fat absorption and digestion.


  • Serum sodium, potassium, and chloride. They should also be low due to electrolyte losses with diarrhea.


  • Serum calcium. May be low due to vitamin D and amino acid malabsorption.


  • Schilling test. May indicate malabsorption of vitamin B12.






Consequences of Malabsorption



It is extremely important to point out that, while malabsorption is a serious problem in all people, it is especially serious in newborn babies, infants and children. How come? Well, everyone knows that babies, infants and children are still developing, and adequate nutrition is vital to proper growth and development. What happens in malabsorption? Well, because of malabsorption and consequently malnutrition, growth will not occur at the regular tempo. That%26rsquo;s why-the fact is that permanent disabilities related to growth and development may result. Also, two common complications are anemia and osteoporosis.


Treatment



Fluid and nutrient monitoring and replacement


Every patient should be aware of the fact that fluid and nutrient monitoring and replacement is probably the most important therapy procedure for any individual with malabsorption syndrome. Of course, in some serious cases-even hospitalization may be required. Patient should not do anything alone but consulting with a dietitian. Beside all this, experts are saying that also supplements should be provided in order to supplement depleted carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins.




Vital body signs and malabsorption monitoring


Experts are saying that all the patients with malabsorption syndrome should be monitored for dehydration. What are the signs of dehydration? Well, the most common are:




  • dry tongue


  • mouth and skin


  • increased thirst


  • low, concentrated urine output


  • feeling weak or dizzy when standing




Not only that- all other vital signs such as pulse and blood pressure should be monitored, observing for increased or irregular pulse rate, or low blood pressure.




Other specific medical management


It is also logical to assume that the type of treatment will also depend on the type of underlying condition that caused the malabsorption! It is important to point out that the treatment for tropical sprue consists of folic acid supplements and long-term antibiotics. Whipple's disease also may require long-term use of antibiotics, such as tetracycline. If the cause of malabsorption is lack of some enzymes, then in that case- the doctor may also prescribe enzymes to replace missing intestinal enzymes, or antispasmodics to reduce abdominal cramping and associated diarrhea. Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents help treat regional enteritis. Similarly, a lactose-free diet helps correct lactose intolerance; supplementing the first bite of milk-containing food products with Lactaid also helps. If there is case of folate deficiency and possibly B12 deficiency too it is possible to give an injection of vitamin B12 before starting folate supplementation.




Prognosis


Every patient should know that there are no therapy guarantees because the expected course for the individual with malabsorption syndrome varies depending on the cause. Big problem is that the onset of symptoms may be slow and difficult to diagnose, and that%26rsquo;s why- treatment is often late! Beside all this- the fact is also that treatment may be long, complicated, and changed often for optimal effectiveness.






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I Want it now!

The majority of adolescent pregnancies are unplanned. But a good many teen pregnancies -- a general estimate is usually about one in five -- are intended or planned. One reason that sex education likely hasn't reduced teen pregnancy rates as much as it might is that some teens know full well what bi...




The majority of adolescent pregnancies are unplanned. But a good many teen pregnancies -- a general estimate is usually about one in five -- are intended or planned. One reason that sex education likely hasn't reduced teen pregnancy rates as much as it might is that some teens know full well what birth control is and how and when to use it, but choose not to, sometimes because they -- maybe you -- want to become pregnant.

In many cases, young women want to become pregnant for the same or similar reasons older women want to become pregnant.



They like and want children, want to be mothers, because it feels like right for them to do so, because they want to parent with the partner they're with now. Sometimes, for the same reasons adult women do, which aren't so great or responsible, like to try and cement or force continuation of a relationship, to prove adulthood or sexual development, to try and fill emotional voids or quell loneliness, because they feel mothering is the only thing they might be good at, to get attention they want but aren't currently getting.



In your teens and really, really, really want to have a baby or to become pregnant? Going without birth control often or always %26quot;just to see,%26quot; to let fate decide, with or without talking to your partner about it? Going without birth control and safer sex when you'd rather not, but have a partner who says he or she wants a kid? Actively trying to become pregnant, without any standard preparation in place, like a full GYN exam to be sure your body is up to it, like a good job to pay the high costs, a place to live, a healthcare plan, a support system in place? Desperate or in a big hurry?



Considering Parenting?



Many people have the idea that they'll find a way to cope and can handle a pregnancy and raising a child like a pro -- sure that for some reason, it%26rsquo;ll be easier for them than it ever was for anyone before, even when totally unprepared -- but more times than not, it ends up being more difficult than they imagine, especially for teens. That doesn%26rsquo;t mean it's impossible to enjoy. Lots of young adults find parenting fulfilling, in spite of the challenges it brings. But wanting a child or loving a child isn%26rsquo;t often enough preparation to ensure a healthy pregnancy -- physically and emotionally -- .and readiness to parent well.



Kids cost big bucks.



The first year alone, including the costs of pregnancy and delivery, will cost around $10,000. If you have health insurance that covers pregnancy, if you can qualify for some federal or state assistance, if you can obtain cheap childcare or stay at home with your baby, and if you have the help of family or friends it can cost less, but 10K is average, and sometimes, it can cost even more than that. In the first four years alone, raising a child often costs more than attending a four-year public college with NO financial assistance, grants or scholarships whatsoever, something few people can afford. You can't not feed, house or clothe them, and their healthcare -- preventative and in crisis -- is necessary but expensive. Children cost a LOT of money. Add their costs to the cost of taking care of yourself as well, and you can see why many parents are so often stressed out about money.

You will need a reliable means to pay these costs. Your parents may be willing to help, but don%26rsquo;t just assume they will, especially indefinitely. Not only isn%26rsquo;t that fair -- after all, they should get to decide when and if they want another baby -- they may or not have the means to take care of the both of you. Your partner may be able to help, but remember that, like it or not, he can up and leave at any time, and child support lapses battles are the norm for single moms. Assuming federal or state aid will pay all the costs is also unrealistic. Many people aren't low-income enough, or don%26rsquo;t meet other criteria to qualify for many programs, and even those who do cannot even come close to covering all of their costs with welfare.







Babies grow.
Why are there so many dogs in the pound? Because people forget: BABIES GROW. Obviously, those little puppies really do grow into big dogs, and yet, everybody and their uncle still seems to space that out. Same goes double for babies. They grow into kids, and then into adults. In between, they're juveniles and adolescents: heck, they can become teens who want YOU to pay for THEIR pregnancy and parenting. Through a lot of their life, a whole lot of people -- including you -- won't think they're the cutest thing ever some of the time, or make concessions for them or you because of them. For a lot of women, one of the appeals of motherhood is the notion that someone -- their child -- will love them unconditionally. But very often, especially once out of very early childhood, children DON%26rsquo;T behave as if they love their parents unconditionally.

While babies are pretty demanding and need a whole lot, as kids grow, those needs change and become different, but they've still got them. When you choose to parent a kid, you're basically signing a contract that says for the next 18 years and beyond, you're going to be a parent. Growing kids have physical, emotional and intellectual needs and look to you to fulfill them. Extended family and friends can be a really big help (and tend to make for a very healthy and balanced upbringing), but for the most part, all that is on you, first and foremost. That%26rsquo;s a whole lot more than breastfeeding and diaper changing.

Parenting is really hard work.
Even if it's often wonderful, enjoyable work, it IS work. The good stuff is usually within the context of a whole lot of things that are tiring, challenging and thankless, and which you can't opt out of.

Infants are demanding little critters. During your kids first year or more of life, you can rest assured you'll have bags under your eyes the size of the Grand Canyon, you'll be pretty crabby, and your kid isn%26rsquo;t going to say thank you for a couple years. Postpartum depression -- deep and sometimes debilitating depression after childbirth, which can sometimes last for months during one of the most challenging stages of parenting -- is common. Lactating and breastfeeding often hurts. Babies often cry more than they gurgle cutely. Having to tend to someone's basic needs and functions literally 24/7 -- feeding, changing diapers, putting to sleep, entertaining -- is exhausting, even with help, and always putting your own needs after theirs can make a mother feel like a walking bottle, rather than a person.

Kids can really cramp your style.
You may be used to going out for a night with your friends, needing to okay it with your folks, and come up with transportation and spending money. Now you'll need to find a reliable babysitter you feel safe with, try and afford things when you often already can't pay for the basics, and reschedule things constantly because babies and kids tend to have schedules of their own that don%26rsquo;t neatly coincide with yours. You may find that the things that are important to your friends aren't important to you anymore, and that they're not very interested in what IS important to you, like listening to your struggle to find good daycare, or the nights in a row you've spent with a colicky, screaming infant. The things you go through as a parent, even those that are fun and wonderful, may not sound very exciting or interesting to some of your friends who aren't parents. Dating when you have a kid is difficult and often frustrating, and if you're co-parenting with a partner, you'll find the two of you end up with very little alone time and more challenges and conflicts in your relationship than you can shake a stick at.

A Juggling Act
Juggling school, college and/or work with a kid is tricky, especially if you're single and young. It's hard to study when a baby is crying or a toddler decided to rip up your dissertation. Many schools do not make concessions for pregnant teens or mothers. Many employers aren't very understanding about taking time off because your kid is sick, or about needing to leave early to get to a daycare center before closing time. Even basic things you take for granted, like having the time to take a bath or shower, to take in a movie, to do your laundry, to talk on the phone with friends or to sit down to eat a meal will be compromised.

Kids aren't a cure-all.
If you currently have any really tough issues or challenges in your life -- an abusive partnership, depression, self-destructive behaviour or self-harm, an eating disorder, drug dependence, homelessness -- they're likely to get even tougher. Plenty of young parents find that dropping bad habits or patterns actually seems pretty easy when they first become pregnant, or at the beginning of their child's life. But it's typical for those issues to pop right back up in time. When they do, not only are they often even harder to manage and work through than before, someone besides you is directly impacted by them. How might your child be affected growing up around an eating disorder, self-injury like cutting or in an abusive relationship? How are you going to manage putting your needs second when you're depressed? If your own parents or family had big challenges, take a look at how you think they impacted you. Even seemingly small issues, like poor eating habits or having a hard time making and enforcing limits, can become pretty big problems when you're pregnant or parenting.

You may find that at the same time you're having to learn to take care of a baby, you're also having to learn to also take care of yourself, and that%26rsquo;s vital. You need care as well. It's important that you stay physically healthy and emotionally well, that the relationships you choose are beneficial, balanced and healthy; that you get downtime by yourself or with your friends and partners. It's vital that you still follow your goals and dreams, and that besides being the parent you will become, you also get to be the person you are and will become, too. But it's a lot easier to do that AND parent when you at least get a toehold on tough issues and basic self-care before parenting, rather than during.

Parenting at a young age can be really lonely.
Young parents often feel incredibly isolated. It's common to get lots of attention, care and company while you're pregnant, and in the first six months or so of your kid's life. It's also common for teens, and even adult women sometimes, who feel lonely and crave attention to see pregnancy as a means to fill those voids. But when all the showers and parties have passed, when the novelty of your cute baby has passed, a whole lot of young parents start to feel like they moved to Mars when they had kids. Many far more alone than they felt before they were parents.

You will find you'll lose friends who just don%26rsquo;t have the patience to wait to see you the one or two nights a month you can net a sitter and don%26rsquo;t want to hang out when your baby is crying it's head off.

Not only do many young relationships not stand the test of time -- but having a baby adds loads of extra stresses to make relationship longevity and harmony even more challenging. The vast majority of teen parents are and remain unmarried, and partners, even the father or your baby, can and do vacate the premises often enough.

Having a pretty strong self-image, being autonomous and independent and being okay -- even happy -- on your own are all pretty vital to healthy parenting for both mother and child.

Our society isn%26rsquo;t real cool with teen parents.
Teen parenting IS going to be much harder for you than it would be for someone ten years older than you, and not just because of their better financial, health or emotional status. A whole lot of people really look down on teen parents. Finding resources and assistance will be harder for you and plenty of times, you are going to have to fight pretty hard for your right both to parent and to be treated like a parent. You'll be walking into parenthood with people assuming, no matter what you did or do, that%26rsquo;s you're irresponsible. You're going to need to be able to advocate for yourself even better than a parent older than you needs to be their own advocate. You're going to have to learn to be one heck of a fighter, for yourself and for your kid.

That may involve battling to get schools or workplaces to provide childcare or make allowances for your being a parent, working your buns off to obtain financial assistance, housing, school and work opportunities, healthcare and emotional support. It may involve facing up to people who feel very confident that not only can you not be a good parent, but that you have no RIGHT to parent, and may make doing so harder for you. It may mean losing the support or presence of friends, family or partners.

You're 100% responsible for your child and their upbringing.
Sure, that means that the good stuff that happens, and all of your kid's accomplishments are things you'll feel really good about and proud to have had a hand in. But with responsibility comes accountability, something a lot of young people don%26rsquo;t have to deal with in any major way. In other words, if you are late to pick your kid up from daycare, you're going to have to pay the late fees and if you do it repeatedly, possibly be asked to find another day care center. The folks in charge aren't going to be real interested in whose fault it is, because it's your responsibility. If you space picking your kid up from school someday, you'll have to be accountable for that to the school, yourself AND to them. If your kid steals from somewhere or beats another kid up, it's on you. If you have a partner who harms your child, you'll have to deal with both being and feeling responsible for putting them in harms way. If you make poor parenting choices, not just your kid but you have to live with them, as well as whatever long-term effects your choices have on both of you. You're also likely to be very emotionally invested in your child. So, when they're sick or unhappy, you're going to be scared and distracted. When you screw something up, you're likely to feel horrible about it. In many, many ways, your kids become your life. You're responsible and accountable for most of what your kid does, even through their teen years, legally, practically and emotionally. Imagine the possibilities. All of them.

Part of why making a choice to be a parent is such a big deal is that you're not just making a choice for you, you're making choices for a person who can't make their own choices and who has to live with yours. That%26rsquo;s a very big deal.

If you're considering parenting:

%26bull; Talk to other parents. Seek out young parents who currently have infants and toddlers (if you or friends don%26rsquo;t know any, ask your school guidance counselor or job supervisor). Not only can you ask them about what it's like for them emotionally, how they feel about the choice they made, you can also find out very practical things you need to know, like how the school, college or job you're at handles young mothers. Do they provide daycare? Is it safe and sound? What special programs and resources exist in your area for teen or young parents? What do you need to obtain those resources, and aid like funds and healthcare for young mothers and kids? How are your local hospitals with young mothers? What doctors, midwives, hospitals or clinics would they suggest?

%26bull; Talk to your doctor, gynecologist, clinician and/or nurse. About 1/3 of pregnant teens receive inadequate prenatal care; babies born to very young mothers are currently more likely to be low-birth-weight, to have childhood health problems and to be hospitalized, and teen mothers sometimes have special health risks, so you'll need to be sure to spend extra time assessing your health. Healthcare pros can fill you in not only on health issues, but can also help hook you up with resources and support, and can also give you their unique perspective on what you'll be dealing with.

%26bull; Spend some time visualizing your life with a kid at every stage of the game: not just when they're babies, but when they're 5, 10 or 15 years old. Consider the goals you have for your life, and figure out how you might or might not be able to work them while also parenting, with or without help or a co-parent.


Teens and young adults CAN be good parents: as good as anyone else, of any age. There have always been many young adults who have been excellent parents, many who have enjoyed being parents and felt very good about the choice they made to be parents. If it's really what you want to do, and you're prepared for it realistically, chances are good that you can do it and do it well.

Deciding to parent is a big deal for those of any age: it's a huge responsibility and a gargantuan change. Caring, responsible people are often scared when they make that choice because they have at least some inkling of how big a responsibility it is. So, it's normal to be scared (if you're not, at all, chances are you're not really seeing the big picture). It's also normal to feel grossly unprepared, even after the birth: many parents of every age and social strata find that they feel like hacks as parents; that parenting was much more challenging than they thought it%26rsquo;d be, and worry about failing their kids. If you feel in no way scared, nervous or unprepared that should be a big red light for you to heed: pretty much nothing in your life will change it as much and demand as much from you as parenting will.

You've just considered a long, long list of challenges and pitfalls, and that isn't to say there aren't a lot of really great parts of being a parent. Kids are really cool, and they are often a whole lot of fun to be around and watch grow. Parenting makes you grow as a person, and you'll find that your child teaches you things no one else could. It's unique and special to be in a relationship with someone who is literally a part of you, who you brought into the world, and for whom you are the sun, moon and stars, for some of their life, anyway. Later on, they won't be so dependent and will be able to see your flaws (and likely even let you know explicitly what they are), but even at that point, a strong relationship develops when you nurture it well, and one you will truly have for their whole life or yours.

Again, there's no rule that teen mothers can't be good parents. Plenty of teen mothers ARE and have been good parents. But plenty of people who already are or were teen mothers will tell you that as time has gone by, it usually becomes pretty clear that it%26rsquo;d have been a whole lot easier for them to be better mothers, and happier people overall, if they'd have waited, even just a few years.

Maybe one of your goals in life is to be a mother, and there isn%26rsquo;t a thing in the world that%26rsquo;s wrong with that, so long as you understand that certainly isn%26rsquo;t your only option. Even if you know that and parenting is what you want, it%26rsquo;ll keep. While few people will ever reasonably suggest pregnancy or parenting are easy, both are easier when the parents involved is as prepared as she can be, physically, emotionally, financially and practically. A lot of personal development happens in the teens, but even more will happen in your twenties and thirties. You will be more secure, financially and emotionally, and what you want now may not mesh very well with what you want then.

A BIG part of parenting is patience. So, if you just don%26rsquo;t feel like you have the patience to wait to become pregnant and be a parent, chances are pretty good you also don%26rsquo;t have the patience required to BE a parent. If it's you whose head is screaming, like Veruca Salt, %26quot;But I want it NOW!%26quot; know that if you do have a kid, you'll have two-part harmony with that line very shortly, 24/7. And know that if that's the headspace you're in, the hard truth is that it's pretty unlikely you're ready for parenting.





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